The Global Winds

In point C: you take 15 days to get there and it's at the latitude of 30 degrees south. In point B: You have 13 days from the San Francisco to Sydney on the 30 degree mark.
In point A: you have 9 days from Cuba to London on the 50 degree mark North.

Atmospheric gases

Atmospheric Gases


Introduction


Through out this essay you will learn about the amazing atmosphere that we live in, and under. There are many layers of the atmosphere that protect us from the many dangers in space. There are temperatures that could save or threaten our planet Earth determined by how the ozone layer is thinning and the hole in it enlarging. Most of this is caused by the harmful greenhouse gases that we've created.


Part A
Scientist's divide Earths atmosphere into four main layers classified according to changes in temperature. These layers are the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, and the thermosphere. The troposphere is a layer of the atmosphere in which Earth's weather occurs. The stratosphere is the second layer of the atmosphere and contains the ozone layer. The mesosphere is the layer of the atmosphere the protects Earth's surface from being hit by most meteoroids. The outer most layer of the atmosphere is called the thermosphere this layer goes up to (1800) degrees Celsius.







Atmospheric gases
Nitrogen makes up to about 78% of our atmosphere while oxygen only makes up 21% of this gas of which most living creatures need to live. And only one percent of other gases like argon, carbon dioxide, and many others. These gases shown below are contained in the troposphere. Our well known stratosphere contains a gas called the ozone gas. This gas absorbs most of the harmful ultraviolet radiation. The ozone gas has three atoms in a cell rather than the normal two celled oxygen. The one ozone gas is a threat as a pollutant in or under the troposphere.















If we had more clouds than we do now than the temperature would go down because of the cloud cover. And the lack of Earth getting hit with sun light because more sunlight would be reflected off of the clouds.
If there was a increase in the heat absorbed by Earth's atmosphere than the temperature would increase because, Then the atmosphere would be a heat trap and trap the incoming heat in the troposphere.


Part B
There are many threats to Earth but thankfully our amazing atmosphere protects us. The mesosphere protects Earth from most meteoroids from Earth's surface. The stratosphere protects us from the harmful ultraviolet radiation. But it's the ozone layer that protects us as it absorbs the ultraviolet light. Sunlight travels through the atmosphere to Earth's surface. Earth's surface then gives off infrared radiation. Much of this energy is held by the atmosphere, warming it. The process by which gases hold heat in the air is called the greenhouse effect. The green house effect is a natural process that keeps Earth's atmosphere at a temperature that comfortable for most living things. Over time, the amount of energy absorbed by Earth's surface is in balance with the amount of energy radiated in to space. Ozone is a form of oxygen that has three atoms in a molecule instead of the usual two. The stratosphere is the second layer of the atmosphere and contains the ozone layer. When the ozone absorbs energy from the sun, the energy warms the air. The ozone layer is also important because it protects Earth's living things from dangerous ultraviolet radiation from the sun. The middle portion of the stratosphere contains the layer of air where there is much more ozone than in the rest of the atmosphere. Surprisingly the upper stratosphere is warmer than the lower stratosphere.
http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/greenhouse/


Carbon dioxide, Methane, Water are the green house gases.

If the green house gases increase the global temperature will go up because, the green house gases trap heat. If there was less green house gas, then the global temperature would be lower because, there would be less of a heat trap. We should care because green house gases have put a lot of carbon dioxide in to our atmosphere. We could try to stop the production of the greenhouse gases. If the warming continues the polar ice caps will melt, and the oceans will rise. One way to reduce the release of carbon dioxide it to stop using fossil fuels, like coal and oil.

Ozone is 3 oxygen molucules together. It helps us by absorbing ultraviolet radiation, and hurts us by being a pollutant. It's important because, it absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation, it is 26-29 miles thick and is in the stratosphere, the second layer of the atmosphere. It is thinning because of the green house gases.
The most harmful chemical to the ozone layer is CFCs and we use these for propellant's.
The chlorine in the atmposhere breaks up thousands of ozone molecules.
Plankton and krill are among the most in danger from too much UV radiation, due to the hole in the ozone layer, and this takes us to the food chain where everyone will end up dying.
The main steps humans can take prevent further damage to the ozone layer are reduce the use CFCs, and the release of carbon dioxide through the use of fossil fuels.

conclusion
Many people should know, because of the current events, that with global warming is a danger to our planet. It affects the statosphere and ozone layers, which protect our planet from UV rays and keep our temperatures constant. Like the mesosphere protects us from meteoroids, the stratosphere protects us and keeps the planets temperature and weather patterns stable. If global warming isn't stopped, where you live might become a desert, or underwater. Do you want that much change in your backyard?

The Ozone layer

Th ozone layer is a layer that is in the atmosphere that absorbs the harmful UV rays that could threat our planet.

I'm doing acid rain and I know that its hard to see whats going on the picture. My picture up there is trying to explain how acid rain forms and what it can come down as. Its also trying to tell you what and how acid rain forms and collects. Acid rain forms when fossil fuels are burned and connect with the wet clouds. Acid rain can come down in the form of sleet, rain, snow, and any other type of persipitation. Acid rain becomes acidic when it contains is sulfuric and nitric acids. Sometimes the acid rate is so strong that it damages buildings and statues and can kill off amphibians and fish with plants and trees.

Earths Atmosphere

Earths atmosphere has something called the ozone. The ozone protects earth from the harmful UV rays. The moons atmosphere is a small line as in theres not much of an atmosphere. The moon has lust enough of an atmosphere to keep moving. Earths main atmosphere is used to force the solar wind out, and off of earth.

Poster

moon phases eclipses

http://docs.google.com/Presentation?id=dhhjbxvf_0c7gm7zc8

The Space Program

The Science Of Rockets
Since the late 1950's, NASA has used Atlas rockets to launch probes into space and satellites to orbit Earth. The first stage, simply called Atlas, uses both solid-fuel boosters and liquid-fuel engines to launch the payload into space. The second stage, known as centaur, uses liquid-fuel engines to maneuver into proper orbit. The third stage, is the payload- the satellite or space craft carried by the rocket.

The Space Program
The National Aeronatics and Space Administration (NASA) had began in 1958. The space race began in 1957 when the Soviets launched the satelite Sputnik 1 in to orbit. The United States responded by sppeeding up its own space program. An American effort to land astronauts on the moon was named the Apollo Program.

Exploreing Space Today
Under microgravity conditions, the special robot floats next to an astronaut, using small internal fans to change coarse or move in various directions. NASA has used space shuttles to perform many important tasks. These include taking satellites into orbit, reparing damaged satellites, and carrying astronauts and equipment to and from space stations. A space station provides a place where long-term observations and experiments can be caried out in space. Each space probe has a power system to reduce electricity, a communication system to send and receive signals, and scientific instruments to collect data and perform experiments.

Using Space Science On Earth
Coditions in space that differ from those on Earth include near vaccum,,extreme temperatures, and microgravity. The space program has developed thousands of products that affect many aspects of modern society, including consumer products, new materials, medical devices, and comunications satellites. Satellites are used for communications and for collecting weather data and othether scientific data.

Zoom

In the book zoom you get to learn the whole new prospectives of photographers. In this book you see many unexpected pictures. Zooming in on Earthis cool when you can get that specific. the book starts on the tiniest object that you wouldn'd expect.

Have you ever thoght that you were only seeing one thing. But in that one thing there are many more there. In the book zoom you get extremely specific from the stamp to the Earth. Earth is the one hing that seems anywhere close to specfic.

You start by looking at something you don't always see. But then you get a shot from farther out and you get something else. This gives the effect that you see a enlarged picture that keeps getting larger. But then once your done with the book you seem to notice more things around you.

You end up guessing what is in front of me as though it were a jigsaw puzzle. then you click you get it so you geuss whats going to happen or change next. The enlarged image gets even bigger proving you wrong again. All in all this was a great book to look at.

Enigma box

Enigma Box

The enigma box has two holes in the top, and in the bottom there is a tube sticking out. At 100 milliliters it started to drip, and the same at 200 mililiters. At 300 and 400 mililiters it was still dripping. But however at 500 milliliters the enigma box started a steady stream out of the tube. I thought that there was a valve in the tube only alowing water to go through at the right pressure. Then again I thought that there was a tiny hole not letting water go though vary fast until the right pressure. Hense the constant dripping. One of the holes was small and the other large.



The silk container was the same except it was bigger so it needed more water. They each had a tube coming out. The silk jug however had the tube coming out of the side. Still amazed on the fact that water wouldn't come out until the right amount. The silk jug finally worked when 700-800 milliliters where pored into the container.



We guessed that a valve was stopping the water, because the water didn't poor until the right amount. Many others had their bazaar ideas. One, for example was an elephant drinking the water until it drank too much. Others thought that the water was put pressure on a vary small hole. Many thought that it was a timer that would count and then let all the water flow out.



Enigma stands for puzzle, because people would usually guess that there was a valve or tiny holes or at least that's what I thought. That was at least until my teacher, Mrs. Casey gave me the answer to what was really going on in the enigma box. What it really was, was a tube that touched the bottom came up aways and then went back outside of the box. The water had to fill to the right height which enabled the water to go though and out of the enigma box.